Background: Creatine kinase-muscle (CK-MM) and aldolase A (AldoA) levels are proven to be realistic biochemical markers to detect muscular dystrophy during osteoarthritic disorders (MD-OADs). The aim of this study is to normalize the MD-OADs characterized by muscle weakness, atrophy, inflammatory disorders, pain with chronic arthropathy by specialized topical phytotherapeutic treatment. Methods: Baseline data were collected and evaluated from 153 patients, aged 59. 89± 11. 37years, and suffering with MD-OADs for 7. 89± 1. 90 years. serum CK-MM and aldoA levels were measured at baseline and after a six-week treatment using the appropriate kits. All patients underwent standardized physical, radiographic examinations and completed a questionnaire. All the patients were treated with topical application of phytoconstituents from the extracts of seven Indian medicinal plants namely Cissus quadrangularis, Calotropis gigantea, Zingiber officinalis, Rosemarinus officinale, Boswellia serratia, Curcuma longa and Withata somnifera mixed with sesame oil and beehives wax for six-week. Results: The elevated levels of biomarkers, CK-MM and aldoA, were reduced to their mean± SEM values 82. 77± 1. 32 and 4. 94± 1. 30U/L, respectively at the end of six-week treatment and the improvements of deranged anatomical features, Pearson’ s correlation coefficients, international-approved pain related abnormalities (VAS, WOMAC, KPS and KOOS) and reduction of weight at the end of treatment were all highly significant (p<0. 0001). Conclusion: It is firmly confirmed that MD-OADs resulted with the elevated levels of CK-MM, and AldoA, along with deranged anatomical features (KGB, DTM, DCM, DAP, DBP, SLR, KFS and KES) and pain related parameters (VAS, WOMAC-index, KPS, KOOS and BMI) can be successfully Normalized by topical phytotherapeutic treatment protocol.

When the density current smashes into the lower dense fluid mass a plunge region will occur. Since the plunge depth bounds between density current and ambient fluid, determining of this point is important. In this research, the hydraulic parameters of density current and bed slope of stagnant fluid were investigated. To achieve the purpose of this research a physical model was built in the hydraulic laboratory of Shahid Chamran University (SCU) and various experiments were performed. In the experiments, the plunge depth at the different discharge of density current and density difference 6, 9, 13 and 16 kg/m3 at three slopes 8, 12 and 16% was measured. Then using Flow-3D under RNG turbulence model, plunge depth was simulated for the same experimental condition. The comparison of results obtained showed that the predicted plunge depth with Flow-3D under RNG turbulence model had a high and satisfactory accuracy. Finding showed that for the 8% bed slope, the results of RNG turbulence model 14% was more than experimental data. While, for the entire slope, the results of RNG turbulence model was predicted 10.5% in average more than measured data. Generally, the statistical investigations showed that the RNG turbulence model with satisfactory precision estimated the plunge point depth.

Background: More than 20000 patients with beta-thalassemia have been identified in Iran, and as survival improves in major thalassemia, endocrine and bone mineral density complications are emerging as a significant problem. The main objective of this study is to compare bone mineral density (BMD) and some metabolic markers of thalassemic patients with a healthy population.Methods and Participant: A total of 208 thalassemic patients and 235 controls, aged 10-20 years in Tehran-Iran entered the study, and distributed in 22 age-sex matched groups. BMD of lumbar spine and femur were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Height, weight, pubertal development, calcium intake, serum calcium, phosphate, 25(OH) D, and iPTH of participants were measured. Results: Mean of lumbar BMD in all thalassemic patients were significantly lower than the control subjects. in femoral region, mean of BMD was significantly lower in thalassemics in most of subgroups (13,14,15,16,17,19 and 20 year old males; and 12,14,16 and 19year old females).The amount of calcium intake was significantly lower in thalassemics (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between serum levels of 25 (OH)D in two groups. Mean of serum iPTH was thalassemics(p<0.0005).Conclusions: Bone mineral lower in density disturbance, especially in lumbar region is a common finding in adolescent thalassemic patients. The probable association between bone mineral metabolism and related metabolic markers demands further investigation.